A cikin masana'antar karfe, sau da yawa muna jin labarin ra'ayoyin zafi mai zafi da sanyi, to menene su?
A haƙiƙa, ƙaƙƙarfan billet ɗin da aka samar daga masana'antar ƙera karafa samfura ne kawai waɗanda aka gama da su kuma dole ne a yi birgima a injin niƙa don zama ƙwararrun samfuran ƙarfe.Juyawa mai zafi da mirgina sanyi matakai biyu ne na mirgina gama gari.
Ana yin mirgina karafa ne ta hanyar jujjuyawar zafi, yayin da ake yin mirgina mai sanyi don samar da ƙananan sassa na ƙarfe da faranti.
Wadannan su ne yanayin sanyi na gama gari da yanayin mirgina karfe:
Waya: tare da diamita na 5.5-40 millimeters, wanda aka nannade a cikin coils, duk an yi shi da kayan da aka yi da zafi.Bayan zane mai sanyi, nasa ne na kayan zana sanyi.
Karfe zagaye: Baya ga madaidaicin kayan haske masu girman gaske, gabaɗaya ana birgima mai zafi kuma akwai kayan ƙirƙira (tare da alamar ƙirƙira a saman).
Ƙarfe mai ɗorewa: duka mai zafi da mai sanyi suna samuwa, kuma kayan da aka yi da sanyi gabaɗaya sun fi bakin ciki.
Karfe farantin: Cold birgima farantin gaba daya sirara, kamar mota farantin;Akwai faranti masu zafi da yawa da masu kauri, wasu daga cikinsu suna da kauri mai kama da na sanyi, amma kamanninsu ya bambanta sosai.Angle karfe: duk zafi-birgima.
Bututun ƙarfe: duka welded, zafi-birgima, da sanyi ja.
Channel karfe da H-dimbin karfe karfe: zafi-birgima
Karfe sanduna: zafi-birgima kayan.
Mirgina mai zafi da mirgina sanyi duka matakai ne don ƙirƙirar faranti na ƙarfe ko bayanan martaba, waɗanda ke da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan microstructure da kaddarorin ƙarfe.
Juyin karfe yana dogara ne akan jujjuyawar zafi, yayin da ana amfani da mirgina sanyi kawai don samar da madaidaicin girman karfe kamar ƙaramin sashe karfe da faranti na bakin ciki.
Matsakaicin zafin ƙarshe na mirgina mai zafi shine gabaɗaya 800-900 ℃, sannan ana sanyaya shi gabaɗaya a cikin iska, don haka yanayin juyi mai zafi yayi daidai da daidaita jiyya.Yawancin karfe ana birgima ta amfani da hanyar mirgina mai zafi.Karfe da aka kawo a cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi, saboda yawan zafin jiki, yana samar da wani nau'in oxide na baƙin ƙarfe a saman, wanda ke da ɗan ƙaramin juriya na lalata kuma ana iya adana shi a waje.Amma wannan Layer na baƙin ƙarfe oxide kuma yana sa saman karfen da aka yi birgima mai zafi, tare da girman girman girma.Don haka ya kamata a samar da karfen da ke buƙatar fili mai santsi, madaidaicin girman, da kyawawan kaddarorin injina ta amfani da kayan da aka gama da zafi ko ƙãre a matsayin albarkatun ƙasa sannan a yi sanyi.
Abũbuwan amfãni: Saurin gyare-gyare da sauri, yawan amfanin ƙasa, kuma babu lalacewa ga sutura.Ana iya sanya shi cikin nau'i-nau'i daban-daban don saduwa da bukatun yanayin amfani;Juyawa sanyi na iya haifar da nakasar filastik mai mahimmanci na karfe, ta haka yana haɓaka ma'anarsa.
Hasara: 1. Ko da yake babu thermal roba matsawa a lokacin kafa tsari, saura danniya har yanzu ya wanzu a cikin sashe, wanda babu makawa rinjayar gaba daya da kuma gida buckling halaye na karfe;
2. Salon karfe mai sanyi gabaɗaya yanki ne mai buɗewa, wanda ke rage ƙarancin torsional na sashin.Torsion yana da wuyar faruwa lokacin da aka yi lanƙwasa, kuma lanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa yana yiwuwa ya faru lokacin da aka matsawa, yana haifar da mummunan aiki na torsional;
3. Ƙarfe da aka yi da sanyi mai sanyi yana da ƙananan kauri na bango kuma babu wani kauri a sasanninta na haɗin farantin, yana haifar da rauni mai ƙarfi don tsayayya da ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki.
Cold mirgina yana nufin hanyar mirgina na canza siffar karfe ta hanyar matse shi tare da matsa lamba na abin nadi a cikin zafin jiki.Duk da cewa tsarin sarrafa na iya haifar da farantin karfe ya yi zafi, har yanzu ana kiransa da sanyi.
Musamman, mirgina sanyi yana amfani da naɗaɗɗen ƙarfe mai zafi a matsayin kayan albarkatun ƙasa, ana yin wankin acid don cire ma'aunin oxide, sannan a yi aikin sarrafa matsi don samar da naɗaɗɗen gada.Gabaɗaya, ƙarfe mai sanyi kamar galvanized da farantin karfe masu launi suna buƙatar gogewa, don haka filastik da tsayin su ma suna da kyau, kuma ana amfani da su sosai a masana'antu kamar motoci, kayan aikin gida, da hardware.
Fuskar takardar da aka yi birgima mai sanyi tana da ƙayyadaddun santsi, kuma tana jin daɗin taɓawa sosai, galibi saboda wanke acid.Santsin saman faranti masu zafi gabaɗaya baya biyan buƙatun, don haka zazzage ƙwanƙolin karfe yana buƙatar yin birgima mai sanyi.Mafi ƙarancin kauri na ɗigon ƙarfe mai zafi gabaɗaya shine 1.0mm, kuma ɓangarorin ƙarfe mai sanyi na iya kaiwa 0.1mm.
Motsi mai zafi yana juyi sama da ma'aunin zafin jiki, yayin da juyi sanyi ke juyi ƙasa da ma'aunin zafin jiki.Canjin siffar karfe da ke haifar da mirgina sanyi na da ci gaba da nakasar sanyi, kuma taurin aikin sanyi da wannan tsari ya haifar yana kara karfi da taurin nada mai wuya, yayin da tauri da fiddawar filastik ke raguwa.
Don ƙarshen amfani, mirgina sanyi yana lalata aikin hatimi kuma samfuran sun dace da sassa naƙasassun sassa.
Abũbuwan amfãni: Yana iya lalata tsarin simintin ƙarfe na ingots na ƙarfe, tace girman hatsin ƙarfe, da kawar da lahani a cikin ƙananan tsarin, ta yadda tsarin karfe ya yi yawa da haɓaka kayan aikin injiniya.Wannan haɓakawa yana nunawa ne ta hanyar jujjuyawar, ta yadda karfe ya daina isotropic zuwa wani matsayi;Kumfa, fasa, da sako-sako da aka samu yayin zuba kuma ana iya walda su a ƙarƙashin matsanancin zafin jiki da matsa lamba.
Rashin hasara: 1. Bayan zafi mai zafi, abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba (musamman sulfides da oxides, da silicates) a cikin karfe an danna su a cikin zanen gado na bakin ciki, wanda ya haifar da delamination.Yin shimfidawa yana lalata aikin jujjuyawar karfe tare da kauri, kuma akwai yuwuwar tsagewar tsaka-tsaki yayin raguwar walda.Nauyin gida da ke haifar da raguwar kabu na weld sau da yawa yakan kai sau da yawa nau'in ma'aunin abin da ake samu, wanda ya fi girma fiye da nau'in da kaya ke haifarwa;
2. Rage damuwa da ke haifar da rashin daidaituwa.Rage damuwa yana nufin damuwa da kai ke daidaitawa a ciki ba tare da ƙarfin waje ba, kuma yana nan a sassa daban-daban na ƙarfe mai zafi.Gabaɗaya, girman girman sashe na ƙarfe, mafi girman ragowar damuwa.Ko da yake saura danniya shine daidaiton kai, har yanzu yana da wani tasiri akan aikin kayan ƙarfe a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin waje.Yana iya yin mummunan tasiri akan nakasawa, kwanciyar hankali, juriyar gajiya, da sauran fannoni.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-22-2024